Membrane Distillation for Desalination and Water Treatment

Vartika Nishad; Manish Singh Rajput

Membrane distillation is a technique used to separate two aqueous solutions at different temperatures. It requires a micro-porous hydrophobic membrane that allows only vapours to pass through to form water droplets. The partial vapour-pressure difference is the driving force for this phenomenon. Direct Contact Membrane Distillation, Air Gap Membrane Distillation, Sweeping Gas Membrane Distillation and Vacuum Membrane Distillation are the processes used in water recovery and wastewater treatment. Various applications of Membrane distillation process are studied. It is seen that membrane fouling and temperature polarization are the disadvantages of the system. This review reports operating parameters, membrane characteristics (pore size, membrane thickness, liquid entry pressure, porosity), membrane modules (plate and frame, hollow fiber, tubular membrane, spiral wound) and water treatment using membrane distillation process. It also covers basic fundamentals of mass and heat transfer phenomenon. MD is probably an economical process and requires less claim of membrane attributes as well.


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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">JIAR</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Journ of innovation in applied research</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Innovation in Applied Research</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="pubmed">Journ of innovation in applied research</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2231-2196</issn>
      <issn pub-type="opub">0975-5241</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Radiance Research Academy</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">117</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51323/JIAR.2023/6/1/21-23</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi-url"/>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Bioprocessing and Biochemical Engineering</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Membrane Distillation for Desalination and Water Treatment&#13;
</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Nishad</surname>
            <given-names>Vartika</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rajput</surname>
            <given-names>Manish Singh</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
        <day>1</day>
        <month>01</month>
        <year>1970</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>6</volume>
      <issue/>
      <fpage>21</fpage>
      <lpage>33</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) Licence. You may share and adapt the material, but must give appropriate credit to the source, provide a link to the licence, and indicate if changes were made.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>Membrane distillation is a technique used to separate two aqueous solutions at different temperatures. It requires a micro-porous hydrophobic membrane that allows only vapours to pass through to form water droplets. The partial vapour-pressure difference is the driving force for this phenomenon. Direct Contact Membrane Distillation, Air Gap Membrane Distillation, Sweeping Gas Membrane Distillation and Vacuum Membrane Distillation are the processes used in water recovery and wastewater treatment. Various applications of Membrane distillation process are studied. It is seen that membrane fouling and temperature polarization are the disadvantages of the system. This review reports operating parameters, membrane characteristics (pore size, membrane thickness, liquid entry pressure, porosity), membrane modules (plate and frame, hollow fiber, tubular membrane, spiral wound) and water treatment using membrane distillation process. It also covers basic fundamentals of mass and heat transfer phenomenon. MD is probably an economical process and requires less claim of membrane attributes as well.&#13;
</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd> Desalination</kwd>
        <kwd> Flux</kwd>
        <kwd> Fouling</kwd>
        <kwd> Membrane Desalination</kwd>
        <kwd> Porosity</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>